The four requirements in the last paragraph of P4 are there to prevent “disqualifying visual effects”

The four requirements in the last paragraph of P4 each address visual effects that would disqualify the photo from P4’s “one scene” requirement:

1. sasibe issues occur when long exposures are used to record moving objects. (For details, see the FAQ on sasibe)

2. satode disqualifications are most likely to occur

• on smartphones when different facial expressions or people are pulled from different exposures into one image; and

• on standalone cameras when combined or long exposures are used to record fireworks, lightning, and other “bright lights in dark surroundings”; and

• with any camera when multiple flash bursts are used during the exposure(s) and there is movement in the subject and/or the lighting source between flashes.

(For details, see the FAQ on satode)

3. ghost objects occur when things move to different positions during exposure but do not exhibit standard motion blur (often because they come to rest after moving before the exposure ends).

4. SMP effects occur when multiple short exposures (or multiple short bursts of a flash) are used to record a scene with movement in it.