manipulation
(of photographs; manipulation of the “subject” is here)
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1. All digital photographs are “manipulated” inside the device or camera from the instant they are recorded
. . . usually with little or no awareness by the photographer of exactly what’s going on in there.
Smartphone photographs are instantly and extensively “manipulated” before they appear a fraction of a second later on the review screen.
Because in some situations the device or camera makes changes that in other situations a photographer makes,
on this website, the term “manipulation” refers to any change made to a photograph, whether that change is made deliberately by a human, automatically by a device or camera, or by any other means.
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2. Thus the term “unmanipulated” is never used on this website to refer to TTG photographs
When the term “manipulation” is defined as broadly as TTG defines it in #1 (above), it is difficult to argue that any published photograph can be completely “unmanipulated” (not even news photos).
“Unmanipulated” is never used on this website to refer to TTG photos (which have to be “undoctored,” not “unmanipulated” or “unaltered”).
For many actions done on photographs, TTG uses the term “changes” rather than “manipulations.”
The word “manipulations” often has negative connotations, while light-related “changes” can positively impact photos’ trustworthiness.
TTG’s Allowable Changes